How to Spend Your Free Time Essay

You know those periods of time you’re all done with classes and have no reading to do? Well there are many things that can be done to pass the time. To keep your body healthy we can do some exercise and sports activities like badminton, soccer, hockey or swimming. Those who love challenging activities can join paintball, rock climbing, flying fox and mountain climbing. We can do many activities. Get a gym membership or try a new bike trail. Met up with other joggers and run through various part. Good health can make all other aspects in your life better including your work. So we should have a healthy lifestyle. We can take a vacation or picnic with family or friends during holiday. We can go to recreational park, beach or island. It feels more relax to see the beautiful scenary of nature if you go to an island or beach. Why don’t you try scuba diving. It is realy interesting to travel the marine life and see the nature under the sea. If you are an avid reader, then you could spend your free time catching up those book that you haven’t finished yet. Fun does not always mean fuss. You can find relaxation and entertainment with books that capture your interest. It doesn’t mean that you have to buy it. You can go to library and have unlimited books there. Those who have a digital camera can take photograph of scenary, people, birds and many more. Just head out your camera to anywhere and enjoy the art of nature. During our free time we can surf the internet. The internet is full of fun and interesting things. Visit your favourite website and learn new things. Catch up your favourite blogs and social sites like facebook or twitter. I know all of you have a facebook account right. As for me, I love listening to music and watching Korean drama. I bet many of you love k-pop right? I’m sorry if I’m wrong. Make sure to limit that activity to one particular day or time. This way, you will have more time to do your other tasks when you have set time to take care of your need for entertainment . It’s okay for you to do what ever you want as long as you can control it. Don’t be to fond with something and forget your study. We should use our time wisely and have a good and happy lifestyle.

College sports gambling Essay

With all of the controversy of gambling in college sports, why is the issue still an issue? The answer is money. There were actions taken towards this by Congress, but the problem is that it was never completely abolished. Congress had made the mistake of creating a way around it. It is now commonly referred to as â€Å"the Las Vegas loophole. † They outlawed the betting nationwide with the exception of one state, one state that is the capital of gambling, Nevada. This has caused few changes, with the exception of the ever-growing revenue that it generates. Another reason the legality still remains is one not frequently mentioned, but the question of the ban being constitutional. But no matter what the law, is there realistically ever going to be silence or content? To trace the tracks to the start of mending this problem, we need to go back to 1992. This is the year that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act took precedence. This law restricts gambling on amateur sports in 46 states and essentially leaves Nevada as the only state that can take bets on those games. Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz) and Rep. Lindsay Graham (R-S. C. ) are striving to get two separate bills passed, both of which are targeted at prohibiting gambling on amateur sports. The bills were introduced a year ago, and at the time, were heavily favored. The bills would legally put a stop to betting on NCAA games, the oh-so-notorious March Madness (the NCAA Tournament), and wagering on all college sports for that matter. Las Vegas casino lobbyist have turned offensive. Who wouldn’t, if there were possibilities of losing a $700 million cash cow, with approximately $70 million on March Madness? The money that is generated from sports betting both legal and not, is much too vast to be eradicated. Nevada is the tree trunk for which sports gambling is derived. The casinos are complete with giant electronic boards that offer information on daily events ranging from odds to player injuries. This is the basis of most sports wagering. Nevada generates $2. 3 billion a year on legal sports betting , where as, betting on college sports revenue in Nevada accounts for $650 million of the amount. This is far from the issue though. If betting on college sports in Nevada is made illegal, I find the impact to be very small considering that illegal sports gambling has been estimated at $80 billion to $380 billion a year. At the least, 40 times the legal revenue generated seems very minute. In addition, studies have shown that for every dollar bet on sports in Vegas, $100 is bet with bookies and on the Internet. Rep. Jim Gibbons (R-Nev. ), says that there is nothing backing up that legal gambling in Nevada is â€Å"in any way responsible for the illegal sports wagering that plagues our nation’s college campuses. † Rep. Shelley Berkley (D-Nev.), said that no problems would be solved by eliminating legal bets any more than â€Å"suggesting that outlawing aspirin would stop the sale of illegal drugs. † A poll done by Gallop from March 18-20 (between the first two weekends of this year’s NCAA tournament) found that Americans were divided on issue. The poll stated that 49% believe that college sports gambling should be illegal and 47% believe that it should not. Strikingly, college basketball fans are stuck on 48% on both stand-points. The possibility of abolishing gambling on college sports is not very likely nor does it hold much hope of bettering the problem. If the betting was banned, there’s no possibility of it just disappearing. The figures and dollar amounts of illegal gambling are much too high now, and it is still legal. What happens when Congress puts this law into effect and everyone ignores it? It surely does not say much about our society and its morals. Howard Shaffer, director of the Division on Addictions at Harvard Medical School, said â€Å"If we pass legislation that we cannot enforce, it will undermine authority in general and young people don’t need any more laws that nobody respects. † Shaffer added, â€Å"If it’s unenforceable, they will come to see other legislation as unenforceable and then we’ll have problems where we don’t necessarily have them today. People of all kinds are in agreeance that the impact of this law would hardly be worth the effort. John Shelk, vice president of the American Gaming Association, also stated â€Å"It’s not like Congress is going to pass a law that bans legal gambling, and students across the country will say, ? Oh my God, I can’t gamble anymore because it’s illegal. ‘† Sen. McCain, co-author of last year’s Senate bill, had countered his opinion to ESPN.com by saying, â€Å"I don’t think we have to choose between enforcing existing laws on illegal gambling and closing the loophole on legal gambling. † McCain added, â€Å"we can do both. † McCain and others claim that eliminating legalized gambling in Nevada would be â€Å"an essential first step† on stopping the college sports gambling. Critics disagree. They believe that the attempt to chip away at illegal sports gambling â€Å"isn’t a logical first step,† at all. The fact of the college sports gambling, is that there is too much publicity, popularity, and money surrounding this particular gambling sport. In the beginning there was a problem with popularity. From 1951-1974, there was a 10% excise tax levied by the Federal Government on the amount of sports wagers. The tax made the business unprofitable since the profit margin was generally 5% or less before the tax. In 1974, Congress was persuaded by the Nevada congressional delegation. From this persuasion, Congress ended up cutting the tax from 10% to 2%. From there, the boom took off. It took a little time but the pay off was great. Wagers on professional and college sports were totaling $1. 3 billion by 1988. After the new wave had taken off, professional sports teams and the NCAA became concerned. One outspoken supporter was Bill Bradley, a former basketball star and Democratic Senator from New Jersey. Bradley expressed, â€Å"state-sponsored sports betting could change forever the relationship between the players and the game, and the game and the fans. Sports would become the gamblers’ game and not the fans’ game, and athletes would become roulette chips,† he pleaded in 1992. Bradley and others apparently made quite an impact because Congress enacted the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, which was noted earlier as the â€Å"Nevada loop hole. † Again, the conflict elevated from there on out. Realistically though, as much as the NCAA wants this legalization stopped, there is an issue that’s never discussed, but could legally keep the association from doing anything. It is another loophole that Nevada has found, and is a little more concrete. It is the 10th amendment, which delegates powers to the states not to the federal government. This means that if the bill becomes a law, the state of Nevada will definitely have grounds to contest it. The popularity of college sports gambling has continued to grow over the years. When the NCAA tournament begins to roll around each year, Nevada gets hard at work. March Madness, is virtually a madness. It’s a craze that is so very wide-spread, it would literally be impossible to get rid of it. Brackets and spreads are created, and almost anybody with vision can say that they have seen the NCAA tournament bracket. It is so popular now that some media devote entire sections of newspapers to the event. It’s inevitable that readers are able to find the bracket listed, and usually bold and in full color. You can even find the bracket displayed at bars, restaurants, and even work places. More popular is the office pool that seems to have grown so much that women and even non-sports fans find them selves anteing in at a shot on the pool. If this legislation is to pass, how are things like the office pools going to be regulated? Can any one realistically imagine the day that cops and or Federal agents busting bars and business environments for illegal gambling all over the country? The idea of the regulation is ridiculous. In addition to the casual gambling in offices and such, what about the vast expansion of gambling and sources of it on the Internet? The Internet is full of sites devoted to college sports and gambling of it. As far as the NCAA goes, it has what most would consider a hypocritical view on the situation. The NCAA claims to be firmly against the legal betting, but when it comes to the Tournament and other advertised events, one might think differently about the beliefs. In congressional testimony the NCAA says it â€Å"opposes all forms of illegal sports wagering. † Well, if anyone has heard of a little network called CBS, they might be able to recall a small tournament, in correlation with the network, called the NCAA Tournament. These two were in conjunction for this years tournament, but somehow the NCAA had no problem with CBS repeatedly pointing viewers to CBS. Sportsline. com, all throughout the broadcast. Additionally, CBS. Sportsline. com owns Las Vegas Sports Consultants. Some authorities estimate that over 80% of Las Vegas sports books subscribe to â€Å"the line,† set by this firm. During the tournament, this web site offered a free â€Å"Bracket Pool Manager,† in addition to odds, points, spreads, over/unders, and so on. You can’t gamble through the site, but what other purpose does a Bracket Pool Manager and other such emminities serve besides gambling. When you link all of these things together, it just doesn’t make any sense. There has to be an approval by the NCAA for all of this to have taken place, therefore, it is indeed to some extent, condoning this action that it claims to be so against. So what do you think that the NCAA can do or say? Would it be feasible for them to say â€Å"no, you can’t say that or broadcast our tournament anymore†? NO! CBS accounts for 90%†¦ yes, 90% of the NCAA operating revenue. I seriously doubt that the NCAA is so consumed with its beliefs, that it will just discard the whole money issue that goes along with it. The National Association of Basketball Coaches, Official Athletic Site believes that the NCAA has many problems that it needs to address and correct before jumping the gun to Congress. Marc Isenberg’s article on the site stated that, â€Å"The NCAA cannot even begin to educate athletes and other students-or even congress-until it does the following: 1. ) demand that CBS cut its ties with CBS. Sportsline.com and Las Vegas Sports Consultants, which are a major part of the infrastructure of gambling on college sports 2. ) prohibit corporate partners from using bracket promotions or contests connected to the outcome of games 3. ) refuse to credential media outlets who publish lines and accept ads from tout services 4. ) fund a gambling education program on college campuses that addresses the problem of gambling, not just shaving. Can the NCAA tear itself away from its ? Show me the money’ outlook to conduct such a campaign? † The answer is â€Å"No. † The truth remains, that nobody especially not the NCAA wants to go back to the unpopular, no money-making ways of the past. There is an undeniable problem with betting in college sports, mainly when it comes to students. This is the NCAA’s major concern, but namely, point shaving. In general, point shaving is done by players that intentionally miss shots to change the outcome of the game. The NCAA has a very justifiable reason for the abolishment in terms of this actual concern. Over the past view years, there have been many cases in which athletes got involved in the negative aspects of gambling. This would often times result in owing bookies so much that they would get sucked into the point shaving problem. One student made his mark when he got involved with his roommate, who was also a popular bookie that was being investigated by officials. The student was Teddy Dupay, a basketball player for the University of Florida Gators. Dupay had shared winnings with his friend Kresten Lagerman, 23, after giving him inside information about whether the Gators could cover point spreads. Florida had also endured a 2000-2001 season filled with injuries. There were also many instances of injured players returning much sooner than expected. Following this discovery, Dupay was dismissed from the team. Another student, a running back at the Northwestern University had become the school’s rushing leader. He had become involved in gambling so in-depth that he fumbled the football at the goal line to ensure his $400 wager on the point spread of his own game. These are the instances that are worthy of the abolishing desire. Still, the fact remains that these examples and 99% of sports gambling is done illegally or under the table. The truth of the matter is that, this is another back-and-forth issue (like abortion) that will never have silence nor contentment. There are serious problems with players and the ethics of the game, but no matter what, a ban on sports gambling will never solve one-single problem. The fact remains that 99% of all sports gambling is done illegally. Since it is currently legal, is there any truth to solving the problem by abolishing it? College sports gambling is truly not the real issue. There are too many other factors at play. When it comes to the players getting involved, I believe that they are able to make their own decisions. If they have difficulty doing that, there must be somewhat of a different issue- Ethics. Apparently, the NCAA should concentrate more on its players than Nevada. With the problem of these players, it doesn’t leave much meaning to the idea â€Å"may the best man win. † Bibliography Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele, â€Å"Throwing the Game,† Time, (September 25, 2000) Gillespie, Mark, â€Å"Americans Split on Whether Gambling on College Sports Should Be Banned,† The Gallup Organization, (April 1, 2002) Isenberg, Marc, â€Å"Gambling on College Sports: The NCAA’s Solution is Part of the Problem,† National Association of Basketball Coaches, Official Athletic Cite, (April 25, 2002) Jansen, Bart, â€Å"Big name coaches support ban on amateur sports gambling,† The Detroit News, (April 25, 2002) Pells, Eddie, â€Å"Complaint: Dupay received money for sharing info,† Slam! Basketball, (September 14, 2001) Rovell, Darren, â€Å"Congree could trump Vegas on college book,† ESPN, (March 15, 2002) Sauve, Valerie, â€Å"Issues Committee holds discussion on illegal sports wagering in NCAA,† The Daily Beacon, (March 5, 2002).

Benetton baby Essay Example for Free

Benetton baby Essay Benetton baby was produced as a 1991 advertising campaign that also included images of a priest kissing a nun and coloured leaves floating in a sea of petrol. Although I would presume Benetton would be trying to show the beauty and goodness of the new born baby they claim â€Å"Benetton is not trying to emphasise the beauty a and goodness of its apparel, but rather is trying to capture the interest or people†¦ The objective is to brake through the barrier of indifference. † But I believe that the image is in anyway offensive or wrong. The image consists of a newborn baby trailing its umbilical cord, the baby is covered in blood, and two hands, presumably of a Doctor, are waiting to receive the child. This was created to appear on billboard so the shire size would make the image impossible to be missed. The background is white therefore the baby stands out. The logo is included to the left of the advertisement and is very small almost insignificant. The image is very clear and not edited in any way to make the situation more attractive I agree with the advertisement entirely. Although it is a strange way to advertise I have no objections. The image is very large and might not be what all people want to witness it but birth of babies are publicized on the television as entertainment or education in more graphic detail. Isn’t a baby being born â€Å"the most wonderful experience†? But people did however complain, the public disagreed strongly with this image â€Å"the poster†¦. Has attracted more than 800 complaints. † 800 is not a particularly large amount when in comparison with the millions that would have witness the advertisement. The complaints consisted of â€Å"the image is shocking and distasteful†¦ â€Å", â€Å"many children are reported to have found it disturbing†¦ â€Å"and objections regarding the â€Å"exploitative use of such an image to sell clothes. † All complaints where made to an advertising organisation called the ASA. The ‘Advertising Standards Authority’ began in 1962 by the advertising industry. The ASA practises a voluntary code of practice called ‘The British Code of Advertising and sales promotion practise. The code declares that all advertisements must be legal, decent honest and truthful. They must not be offensive or downgrade competitors they must not deliberately misinform. Benetton baby does break some of these rules. The first rule broken in some points of view is ‘decency’ â€Å"No advert should contain any matter that is likely to cause widespread offence†¦. â€Å"The advert may be offensive to a mother who recently had a miscarriage. As to a woman whose child has recently died or to a woman who cannot become a mother. Etc. however this information cant be held against Benetton as a second rule in the code states, â€Å"[t]he fact that a product may be found offensive by some people Is not†¦ a sufficient basis under the code for objecting an advertisement for it† therefore the advert is within its own rights. ‘Honesty’ â€Å"†¦. cause be easily grasped and clearly understood†¦ † the advertisement isn’t entirely clear. From the advertisement alone you are not able to grasp what exactly the clothing company is retailing. However the advertisement does not lead you to believe that the Benetton Company sells babies or anything else, for that matter. â€Å"Looking death in the face† An ad showing the image of a man dying of AIDS, surrounded by his family. The logo is present also but, as with the others, it is small and unimportant. The camera shot is very provocative, it is very close up. The dying man obviously and purposely is made to resemble Jesus this has been done by computer. The image almost makes you fell an intruder in the scene. This has led to furious debate about the limits of advertising. Benetton claims, â€Å"It was as if the reality of suffering only had dignity and moral value in the editorial section of a newspaper and lost all its ability to denounce and sensitize people when in `contagious’ contact with advertising. † Published by an English daily before its official presentation, the photo provoked a controversy that extended from Great Britain throughout the world. The AIDS ad may, however be seen by some as trying to profit from people’s pain rather than simply offending the more traditionalist members of society. One British AIDS charity agreed, while some American gay activists disagree, saying the advertisements gives the issue a higher public profile. The parents of the dying man may feel the same since, according to Benetton, they approved the company’s use of the photo. With this new project, Benetton has once again chosen to look reality in the face by embarking upon a social issue, as he did in previous campaigns that focused on war, Aids, discrimination and racism. Harshly attacked by some and internationally applauded by others, Benetton’s campaigns have managed to tear down the wall of indifference contributing at increasing the awareness of universal problems among world’s citizens. Both the advertisements, â€Å"Benettons baby† and â€Å"looking death in the face† Where concealed and eventually banned across the world. There is more to this than the old saying that all publicity is good publicity. Oliviero Toscani, Benetton’s â€Å"adman,† claims the campaigns are not designed to offend, but rather to â€Å"raise consciousness. † A more plausible interpretation is that Benetton is trying to sell sweaters to the young and hip and those who like to think of themselves in that way. What better means to appeal to them than by offending an older generation of their parents? 7th January 2000 – At the beginning of the new millennium, Benetton publicized the real faces of the prisoners on death row, without a future. Remorseful or unremorseful, smiling or sad, healthy or ill, they all are guilty in the eyes of the human law. Many have their arms crossed; one is shown reading the Bible. Almost all of them are looking directly at the camera, at you. These portraits of dozens of individuals sentenced to death are the results of Oliviero Toscani’s two years of work which he visited several American prisons. The campaign is about the death penalty this project aims at presentation to the public the reality of capital punishment, aiming to prevent people considering the death penalty as a distant matter, just something they might hear about on television. Toscani’s images intend to give back a human face to the prisoners on death row, to remind â€Å"respectable people who are always so sure they’re right†¦ † that these people are human Beings not virtual characters easily removed or secured with a simple click as with a game. The campaign appeared on billboards and on the pages of the major publishing companies around Europe, America and Asia in January 2000. Toscani spoke for the prisoners when he said, â€Å"that having killed has changed them forever, and for the worst. † Speedy Rice a writer, on behalf of the NACDl (National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers) who has contributed to the campaign by patiently contacting and negotiating with prisons’ Mr. Rice mentions that during 1999 there has been a huge rise in the number of executions in the United States. Of the 600 death sentences that were passed between 1976 and the end of the 20thcentury, approximately 100 executions were carried out in 1999. Benetton advertisements to me have a strong meaning, which differs from individual to individual. For some the adverts are merely indicating how ignorant the world is today. How people emphasise on looking a certain way and how they foresee others. To others they may be seen as a source of entertainment something to discuss on the train or to your local cab driver that will never silence. There are many other views but mine is this I agree entirely with the advertisements, although others wont. The ads are unique and contain moral issues that may keep the brain puzzled all day to find. As there has been such uproar in disagreement concerning the ads this has given Benetton a vast amount of free advertisement. I like all the adverts I have been analysing although I do prefer the â€Å"death row† images. These appeal to me a majority more as they have more of a moral message, and become challenging to comprehend the death penalty law. You are left asking yourself, â€Å"Do I agree with the death penalty? † All of the benetton advertisements caused great amounts of controversial disagreement. The three mentioned esspecialy, as to more than half the world they have no meaning, as to others they offend highly. Benetton baby. (2017, Jul 09).

Impact of the Internet on Thinking by Alan Greenblatt Essay

Impact of the Internet on Thinking by Alan Greenblatt - Essay Example This paper illustrates that researchers have studied and expressed views on social, psychological, intellectual and physiological perspectives that are summarised and quoted in this report. Greenblatt begins his survey giving examples of instances of the impact of Internet use as a pervasive and addictive influence on people’s lives. Although the compulsive use of electronic media is quite unlike an addiction to chemical substances, China and South Korea already recognize it as a public health concern. Greenblatt quotes Nicholas Carr as expressing concern that the Internet can have ‘bad effects on our brains’. Jonah Lehrer argues that such ‘concerns are overstated.’ Research by the Pew Internet & American Life Project found the majority of technology experts disagreeing with Carr, who held varied opinions on the merits of the Internet. One interesting finding was that some believed that it helped create a â€Å"hive brain† enabling ‘peopl e to share thoughts and come to collective solutions to complex problems’. Robert Thompson is concerned that the ‘flood of information’ leaves people no ‘time for contemplation’ and ‘deeper reflection’. Paul Saffo says that video games ‘stimulates and strengthens parts of the brain’, but worries that such technology ‘causes ... people to... concentrate on the immediate at the expense of the long-term’... Elias Aboujaoude cites an increase in attention deficit disorder, though this may not be directly related to Internet use. However, he is certain that ‘those who spend a lot of time online have shorter attention spans’. The conclusion to this section is that with increasing availability of electronic media, the responsibility is on the individual to choose wisely as to how much time to spend on the Internet. Greenblatt points to historical resistance to new inventions leading to improved communicati on from the time of Socrates. The 15th-century invention of printing, and more recently the telegraph, the telephone and the postal service, all raised concerns, but the world has embraced and accommodated to such changes. Greenblatt explores the current situation and says that the Internet has ‘not finished evolving yet’, and forecasts that in the future people would learn to ‘disconnect’ from the Web. He concludes by quoting Aboujaoude as pessimistic about our capacity to understand the effects of the Internet ‘on our brains’, while Levy postulates two possible scenarios for the future. Either ‘we slow down and better modulate all this’ or ‘we adapt to these changes’ adding that we may not be ‘at the limit’ yet. The three basic questions that intellectuals and social critics have posed are: 1) Is the Internet making us smarter or stupid? 2) Is it addictive? 3) Does it affect our attention span? These que stions are dealt with above. 1) Carr (for) vs. Lehrer (against); 2) Aboujaoude (for) vs. Rainie (Pew Internet & American Life Project) (against); 3) Gentile (for) vs. O’Reilly (against).

Social DQ 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social DQ 2 - Essay Example People who are dealing with drug addictions can become irritable at work, and could even make mad decisions at work if they were acting under the influence. This is not productive under any working conditions, and cause an almost unthinkable number of problems at your work place. A person bringing illegal drugs to the work place could bring unwanted legal action against your business, and everything economically would just snowball from there, and ultimately cause even more problems than one could originally expect. If an employer is thinking a person may be taking drugs, the easiest and safest way to be sure is to simply confront the person about it. Sneaking around and trying to find out isn’t going to help the problem, you need to be up front and direct. If that doesn’t work, that you can ask them to submit to a drug test, but only if you are certain they are under the influence and are using drugs. Drug abuse also does not just affect the person taking the drugs, it tends to have a ripple effect that can spread beyond a person’s work or family life. Everyone person a drug user is it contact with can be affected by them using drugs, and it can cause of nasty chain of events that nobody wants to see happen. Drugs can change who a person is, and can make them interact harshly towards people. People can loose friends, relationships, or even loved ones or family members if they are abusing drugs and not taking care of themselves as they should be. Drugs can come between people, and they tend not to improve any situation as much as people sometimes claim they might. Drugs can ruin a person’s life from top to bottom. Not only can drug abuse cost a person their job, and possibly time in jail, it can also cost them all their friends and family that surround them. Drugs could in the end take away everything that means anything to you in life, and therefore are not something that should be

Quantitative reasoning and analysis week 3 Essay

Quantitative reasoning and analysis week 3 - Essay Example However, the case of learners is very much different, which makes Cheng a good researcher because using real-world settings have factors that differ from controlled settings. To support this argument, many studies pursued in relation with No Child Left Behind Act were quasi-experimental designs. The rationale behind this according to Angrist (2003) was that numerous studies done before in the classroom that involved technology (computer-aided instruction) â€Å"relies on uncontrolled measurements, such as the level of satisfaction experienced by technology users†. Angris (2003) also noted that the subjects reported satisfaction in using new technology ( who wouldn’t after all?). Joshua Angrist has made several studies that focused on educational research specifically using CAI and used quasi-experimental design. Like Cheng, he has also considered the numerous aspects that can affect validity and came up with high validity. In conclusion, when it comes to educational res earch that uses technology in real-world settings, quasi-experimental method would be the most suited approach to have a credible research. Angrist, J. (2003) Randomized Trials and Quasi-Experiments in Education Research .  The National Bureau of Economic Research.

What is GDP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is GDP - Essay Example So, it is very essential to have a GDP for a country calculated over a definite time period. In order to further explain the definition, I will take the example of Qatar. The GDP of Qatar is the total value of output of goods and services produced within Qatar over a period of time. The definition of GDP includes all the production done by local residents and resources owned by the residents of Qatar and also by foreigners and foreign resources owned by non-residents of Qatar. GDP can be measure by three methods and each method should give the same answer. It can be calculated by the output method. In this method, the value of total output produced in Qatar is its GDP. It can also be calculated by the income method. Since selling of output results in income for sellers, therefore in this method GDP is calculated by adding up the income of all people working in Qatar. Similarly, the GDP of Qatar can also be calculated by using the expenditure method. Since, income for one person is ex penditure for others, in this method the GDP is calculated by adding up all the expenditures spent on Qatar's production. It is often considered by people that sole GDP figures are enough for telling the economic well-being of a country. For example, the people who say this base their claim on the fact that any changes or increase in the GDP is signal of improvement in economic well-being. ... studied alone without any supporting data, one cannot predict whether the country is enjoying economic wellness or it is facing low standard of living. There are a number of reasons why we cannot rely solely on the GDP figures and need comprehensive sets of data to determine the economic wellness of the country. Suppose that a GDP of country increases by 20%/ Many people will say that the country will now enjoy great economic well being or its residents will be better-off. However, this is not true. In order to determine the net of economic wellness, we need to take into account the population growth rate as well. If population growth rate is 25%, then we can clearly conclude that people will be worse-off by this increase and there will be a net-decline in the standard of living of people living in this country. So, it is not GDP that matter, but it is the real GDP that tells us about the economic wellness of a country. Real GDP takes into account the population and it is the measure which tells us about the economic wellness of a country. Similarly, what if an increase in GDP is because of the increase in inflation. Inflation increases the price of everything and because of this the value of GDP increases. This type of increase in the value of GDP because of inflation is also not very good as economic wellness and people's standard of living is directly related to the physical quantity of goods being produced and not the quantity. So, we need to taking into account the inflation factor also and adjust the nominal GDP with inflation factor to arrive at the real GDP and only this way we can tell whether or not the country is enjoying economic wellbeing or not. A good way to counter this problem is calculating per capita income. Per Capita income is calculated by diving

What an Amazing person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What an Amazing person - Essay Example He was chubby, middle aged; and he was wearing a green jacket and dirty pants. What I couldnt stand most was the stink of beer emanating from his mouth, as well as from the opened jar that he was holding. Although consuming beer in public places is illegal, he was in no condition to care about such things. He was so drunk that he couldn’t control his steps when he boarded the light rail. I felt unfortunate, when, of all the empty seats he could have chosen, he chose the one next to me. Having been brought into proximity this way, he immediately started talking to me. I felt awkward and embarrassed about the situation, especially with other passengers glancing at us curiously. I soon realized that I have no option but to put up with him. He talked about his life, and said â€Å"I was a millionaire, but I lost everything now, including my house. He continued â€Å"but I will never give up until I get all that is mine.† I was surprised with his clarity of thought even in such an inebriated state. But at the same time I did not take all his words for facts. He talked about how his chronic illness led to one surgery after another, until he lost all of his wealth. He spoke very emotionally about how he will fight on in life despite presently being in an unfortunate condition. Seeing that I was skeptical about his story, he prompted me ask him questions. He told me that he would answer any question I ask. Just to divert focus from his difficult personal life, I started talking about different countries. Qatar came into the discussion as it is my home country. He then amazed me with his knowledge about the country. He listed Qatars recent foreign policies and how it has improved in the last 15 years. He also mentioned Sheik Hamad, the president of Qatar; and Hamad Bin Jassim, the minister of foreign affairs of Qatar and how great were they in the political world. When he said that Qatar might be

Country Risk Premium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Country Risk Premium - Essay Example The risk models that are often utilized for corporate financial valuation, it is essential to undertake the ultimate estimation with regards to the risk and return premiums for the average investments termed as equity or market risk premium. It is hence vital for validating the Capital AssetsPricing Model, since it is currently considered as the most utilized both in the practical and theoretical analysis.The research shows that; investors often have to make some cognitive strategies on the verge of investing in emerging countries. This is due to the fact that undertaking huge investments in emerging countries such as Latin America countries, Asia and South East Europe, among others is considered as being riskier than doing so in developed markets such as that of Japan, Western Europe, and the USA. Certainly, the investments returns are also a little bit lower in the developed markets as compared to that of the emerging markets. The estimates of the much-needed return rates based on the developed markets scenario is mostly done with the Capital Assets Pricing Model. The practical weaknesses of this perspective are greatly recognized although there is a wide acceptance of its theoretical fundamentals. In the case of the emerging markets, it is often deemed as being more challenging to assess the return rates. The country risk should usually be rewarded with the country risk premium based on the required return rate with regards to an equivalent rate of investment in the developed countries.

Unit 2 Assignment Exploring the 1960s Research Paper

Unit 2 Assignment Exploring the 1960s - Research Paper Example It ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Republic and dynamics of the world war being slightly modified by end of it (Gaddis, 2011). Though the cold war might well have ended two decades ago, yet the seeds sown back then are showing their impact in different forms. A prime example in this case can be the Mujahedeen that were nurtured by the Americans against the Soviet Socialists, became their own enemies; as a result America had to go to War in Afghanistan against them. Various other countries have turned rebellious due to the cold war and have made America insecure in many aspects. Other threats posed to the American nation as a whole include the bitter feeling that is left in the hearts of the then Soviet Socialists and present day Russia. They were humiliated at the end of it and their entire empire came down (Craig & Logevall, 2009). In terms of protection for the family, vigilance is the word; each member of the family should know their responsibilities. The threats faced immediately after cold war were the nuclear arsenal being possessed by the disintegrated soviet republic. That threat has vaporized to a large extent. While in public they should be cautious and should report and notice anything suspicious. Besides this the onus falls upon the government to protect the citizens from any kind of vulnerabilities that might exist in the surroundings (Tuttle, 1993). The cold war that lasted from 1950s to 1990s set up new paradigms for times ahead. What we see today is largely because of the cold war that established its roots deep into various countries political operations and foreign affairs. The end of cold war resulted in total submission and defeat of one of the power and left alone capitalist power United States to dictate terms in future. The then U.S.S.R has gone on back foot after being humbled at end of the war. The Berlin wall was another event which marked the end of cold war after the U.S.S.R

Ethnicity in Sociology Essay Example for Free

Ethnicity in Sociology Essay -Much greater levels of police stop and search on young black African-Caribbean males, than whites. -After attack on World Trade Center in 2001 and London Underground bombings in 2005, a new discourse has emerged regarding Muslim Youths. -The new image of them is of being dangerous- a threat to British culture. Offending -There are 3 ways on gathering statistics on ethnicity and crime: official stats, victimization studies and self-report studies. -According to Home Office statistics, about 9. 5% of people arrested were recorded as ‘Black’ and 5. 3% ‘Asian’ (similar rating to white). This means that, relative to the population as a whole, black people are 3x more likely than whites to be arrested. -However, these stats could be seen as a comment on the actions of the police. – some sociologists argue there is institutional racism in police. -Offenders are most likely to be young males aged between 14 and 25. Any ethnic group with a high proportion of this age group within it will have relatively high arrest rates. The British black pop has high rates, and so it would be expected that they’d have high arrest rates too because of this. -Stats show that Black Youth are more likely to be unemployed or in low paid jobs. Victimizing studies -Victim-based studies (British Crime Survey) are gathered by asking victims of crime for their recollection of the ethnic identity of the offender. -According to the British Crime Survey, the majority of crime is intraracial, with 88% of white victims stating that white criminals were involved, 3% claiming offenders were black, 1%Asian, 5% mixed. -About 42% of crimes against Black victims were identified as black offenders and 19% of crime against Asian were Asians. -The figure of white crimes AGAINST ethnic minorities are much higher – 50% (though 90% of pop is white). -However only 20% of survey-recorded crimes are ‘peronal’ such as theft, where the victim may actually be able to identify the offender. Bowling and Phillips argue that victims are influenced by racial stereotypes and ‘culturally determined expectations’ as to who commits crime. Their research shows that where the offender is not known, White people are more likely to describe those of African-Caribbean background. Self-Report Studies- asked in anonymous questionnaires to see what offences people commit -Graham and Bowlings study for the Home Office of 14 to 25 year olds, found that the self-reported offending rates were more or less the same for the White, Black and Asian respondants. However, Blacks are 3. 6 x more likely to be arrested (Jones and Singer). Sentencing -After arrest, Affro-Carbs are slightly more likely to be held in custody and to be charged with more serious offences than Whites. But they are more likely to plead, and be found ‘not guilty’ -Bowling and Phillips state that these stats indicate that that both direct and indirect discrimination (types of charges laid, accsess to bail etc) against members of ethnic minorities do exist. -For example, Those of African-Caribbean backgrounds have a 17% higher chance of imprisonment than whites. Punishment -According to Jones and Singer the proportion of Black British background took 19% of total prison population. Racist Policing -Most sociologists ie Mayhew et al a rgue that most crime is committed by young males who come from a poor background. -The ‘canteen culture’ approach argues that police officers have developed distinctive working values as a result of their job. The core characteristics of this culture according to Reiner include a thirst for action, cynicism, macho values and racism becasude they often feel pressure/work long hours/face public scrutiny etc. -Studies by Smith and Gray (who himself was a policeman) showed racist views by the police force and they targeted blacks. Institutional Racism -After the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence, the Macpherson Report was set up to look at the circumstances of his death and handling of the situation by the police. Sir William Macpherson said ‘police had procedures, practices and a culture that tended to exclude or disadvantage non-white people’. Left-realist approach -Lea and Young accept that there are racist practices by the police but argue that despite this, the statistics do bear out a higher crime rate for street robberies and associated ‘personal crimes’ by youths of Affro-carb backgrounds. -They explain this by suggesting British society is racist and that young ethnic minorities are economically and socially marginalized (pushed out of society), with lesser chances of success than majority of population. Cultures of Resistance -Because minority groups have been discriminated against (colonialism etc) leaving them in a lower socioeconomic position compared to whites, a culture of resistance formed. -COF = organized resistance that has its origins from anticolonial struggles. Ie when young offenders commit crime they are doing it as a political art rather than a criminal act. -However Lea et al argues that this doesn’t account for the high proportion of Black on Black crime. -Fitzgerald et al = street crime is caused by deprivation, lack of community -Higher crime in lone-parent fams -Justifications among crime such as l=bad education, alienation from schools etc.

Classroom Management Essay Example for Free

Classroom Management Essay Introduction This paper will present the importance of setting standards within the classroom. Transitioning is one the most important part of planning. Without a classroom management students will not understand the role that they play within the classroom community. I believe the one of the most important details in the development of lesson planning is implementing effective transitioning to minimize behavior problems. Students need to in a positive and encouraging environment for them to succeed and setting high expectations for them. Establishment of rules The purpose of setting classroom rules is to create a safe yet challenging environment. I believe that educators should strive daily to meet the needs of students spiritually, socially and mentally. The theoretical foundation applied by an educator is like a roadmap that enables the students to arrive at their intended educational expectations. An educator’s theoretical foundation should be precise, integrated and complete. Such a model should consider each aspect of students being. When God created man, He made man in His own image. Man is a spiritual being, who possesses a soul that lives inside a body. And yes, having an established prevention class makes it all possible. Gaining students trust and respect is a very critical first step in creatinine a positive learning environment. If I can have respect for my students as well as having them respecting each other, I believe this leads to a safe environment where learning can take place. I believe that students should be a part of creating the classroom rules because they will be more likely to comply. By creating the rules they will have a personal and moral connection. In kindergarten the students learned the school rules and of course they would have to be implemented throughout their school career as a student. The first grade daily rules will be posted at the appropriate eye level so that students have easy access to the rules. The rules will be posted and consistently followed throughout the school year. I will discuss the rules, consequences, and rewards with the class daily. It is imperative that I set the expectations of the classroom immediately. This will be ongoing practice throughout the school year. I will also encourage the parents to go over the classroom expectations at home. As we begin to create the classroom rules, I will model/discuss with the students what a good classroom rule looks like. For example creating mini lesson that include possible scenario’s along with consequences as a result of the unwarranted behaviors. This way they understand what is expected of them when creating the rules. I will explain to the students that I will develop the first five of the six classroom rules. I will write all the rules of the board and in a student centered discussion ask why they think this rule is important. The first rule is to follow directions the first time that they are given. Second, listen when others are talking at all times. Third, raise your hand and wait to be called on before responding. Fourth, work quietly and do not disturb others. Fifth, you must keep our hands to yourself at all times. Each day student’s will have a chance to earn â€Å"smile sticks. † Smile sticks can easily be earned whenever a student is displaying appropriate behavior by: following directions, walking quietly in the hallway, helping others, etc. At the end of each week, smile sticks are counted and each student with 8 or more sticks will get a chance to pull from the treasure chest. Parents will be notified daily of positive and negative experiences. Daily Routine On the second day of school will go over the rules discussed on the first day and revisit the class tour. On this day, I will go over the morning routine that is displayed daily within the classroom. The students will be asked to come in and immediately select their breakfast and begin to eat. The students as well as parents will receive information on the time breakfast is served, and the amount of time provided to students. Next, I will discuss and model the appropriate items to bring into the classroom from the lockers located within the classrooms. I will next discuss the importance of attendance and being tardy to school. Then I will discuss/model and teach appropriate procedures for sharpening pencils, restroom, and turning in assignments. Parents will receive a welcome letter that tells about me. The parents’ will also receive a school handbook and classroom expectations. Setting daily routines is important for all grade level students but especially lower L students. On the third day we will get to know each other and I will provide an assignment â€Å"getting to know me† the students will take this assignment home for homework. This sheet will allow them to go home and complete with their parents and come to school ready to share. I will store the assignment within their file so that I can always use it as a reference guide. The classroom tour Each day within the first week of school it is important that students get comfortable with their new environment. We will take a classroom tour and learn where all resources and materials are within the classroom. Once we have gone through a tour and I explained as well the demographics of things, we will do a quick assessment. I will choose a student by pulling Popsicle sticks randomly. An example of this assessment is to simply ask questions. For example: â€Å"If I need to find my writing journal, where would I go to retain it? † This exercise would give students moving about within the classroom and getting comfortable and familiar with the placement of various tools and resources. Transitions Students often find it difficult to transitions between assignments and changes class periods. I have witnessed difficulties at all age levels and it is a task that must be made smooth by all teachers. According to Kellough Jarolimek, smooth transitions can be facilitated by implementing structured activities that help students make these transitions. Transitions are less trouble when teachers plan them carefully during their preactive phase of instruction and write them into their lesson plan. (Kellough Jarolimek, 2013) A significant stumbling block to the flow of instruction is in attention to transitions between activities, lessons, subjects, or class periods. It is here that teachers are likely to feel that they are less effective in maintaining the flow of instruction. Effective transitions are structured to move students from one activity to another, both physically and cognitively. The goal of smooth transitions is to ensure that all students have the materials and mind-sets they need for a new activity The start of the day students will begin their bell work assignment on a daily basis. Once bell-work is completed then students will begin journal writing based on a selected topic. During transition periods the student will be able to earn table points. The table with the most points at the end of the week have to opportunity to pick a prize from the treasure box. The transition procedure will be explained throughout the school year. Once we complete the lesson the students have two minutes to prepare for the table point game. Preparation includes putting away their current supplies and sitting as an effective leader and finally pause. The table that is prepared in this manner first, gets an opportunity to answer the first question in the point game. With this activity I am able to assess the students’ knowledge of the prior lesson as well engage them in a fun activity. Using transitions as a tool to help maintain the flow of instruction will ensure meaning instruction. During the transition for lunch, I will set clear and concise directions through-out our daily interactions. Twenty minutes before lunch the students will wrap up their math lesson and collect reading material from their baskets (DEAR). Students will begin to line up once their table is called and will proceed to the lunchroom. Conclusion Today most classrooms suffer do to a lack of effective planning in the area of classroom management. A classroom prevention plan is imperative to having a successful year and students reaching the goals set forth by educators. I believe that if students are a part of creating the classroom rules, they will be less likely to fall short of following the rules. On the first day of school first graders are for of energy, nervous and anxious of what’s to come ahead. Parents are standing in the door way afraid to say goodbye but excited for the journey that their first grader is about to embark on. Establishing a structured environment in the beginning and allowing the parent and students to have access to clear rules and expectation is the recipe for a successful school year! References Van Brummelen, H. (2009). Walking with God in the Classroom: Christian Approaches to Teaching and Learning. Colorado Springs, CO: Purposeful Design Publications. Kellough, R. D. , Jarolimek J. (2005). Teaching and learning K-8: a guide to methods and resources (9th ed. ). New York: Macmillan.

The Importance Of Organizational Structure And Power And Communication Lines Business Essay

The Importance Of Organizational Structure And Power And Communication Lines Business Essay Organizational structure refers to the general level, an organization in which its power and communication lines, and the allocation of rights and obligations. Organizational structure determines the manner and extent of the role, powers and devolution of responsibilities, control and coordination of information, and how to manage flows between levels.  A structure depends entirely on the organizations goals and choices to achieve these strategies. In a centralized structure, decision-making power concentrated in the upper management and strict control of the department and in the exercise. In the decentralized structure, the allocation of decision-making and the various departments and sectors have different degrees of autonomy. The importance of including an organizational structure to help business owners, CEOs and entrepreneurs to the conceptualization, visualization, hierarchical system is to build their organization and implementation. For example, a part of the organizational structure, including: command, control, departmentalization, span the distribution of power, height, and organizations. The first is the command system is a chain of command involved in the organizational structure, identify and define: jobs, who make decisions and who is responsible for various duties. The second is to control the amplitude is the control of the staff to identify and quantify the actual amount of supervision of the manager. The third is in the department of a departments organizational structure is divided into functional departments (such as sales) by the specific task of structural parts. Determine which activities, tasks and talents will be grouped in order to achieve the best goal of the origin of the so-called process of the department. Fourth, the power distribution authority is deciding whether to allocate decision-making power concentrated in a few high-level bureaucrats often to see the number of shares and the closet or the tasks of various departments and their corresponding decentralized authority. The fifth is a high degree of organization is the organization defined the high many departments, departments, and the highest level between the layers and the tissue level is the lowest 1.2 Body Jia Jia   company   is a one-stop event management company dedicated to providing our customers the best choice at competitive prices. All you can expect to experience an unforgettable event, we customize and perfect just for your company annual dinner, theme parties, product launches, family days, company outing,   show , and other . Event management is a project management application to create and festivals, activities and the development of the meeting. Event management studies involving the complexity of the brand, target audience, develop the event concept, logistics planning and coordination before the actual implementation, the way the event the technical issues. Hindsight, and to ensure return on investment, has become a major industry event-driven process. My company name is Jia Jia .Jia Jia company   is a one-stop event management company . We customize and perfect just for your company annual dinner,   product launches and family days. When the time at the dinner, we company will prepared many activity for example live entertainment show, professional emcee or TV personality emcee , Mobile Disco and Deejay Services, Mobile Karaoke Services , Sound Lighting System Rental , Sourcing of Corporate Gift as door gift , Theme Party Suggestion, Special Design Backdrop Ballroom Decoration, Game   Show, Venue Booking, Event Coordination ,Ballroom Decoration. When the time at the   exhibition display system, conference and exhibition services .We provide conference and exhibition services, conference and exhibition display services, conference and exhibition display system, conference and exhibition design services, exhibition booth rental services, exhibition shell scheme system, conference and exhibition equipment and   penal system, exhibition truss display system, exhibition pop up display system, exhibition roll up banner stand and exhibition furniture rental system . When at the family party we will prepared activity   for example Tele-match Games with 4 tracks this need   7 to 10 games for adults and 4 to 5 games for children . Childrens contest is coloring contest and drawing contest . We also have help   prepared food and beverages for example packed food and buffet . In my company department have marketing departments and Human Resources, Finance and Operations. These departments is very important for a company and control the company. Marketing Department is responsible for promoting the use of our services, human resources tend to control the main staff resources. Financial sector, it obtained the coordination and management of financial resources. Combined to provide services directly related to business activities. They also have an important role in our company. In organizational structure have four type is entrepreneurial structure ,functional structure , divisional structure and matrix structure. Definition   matrix structure is employees are features and products. This structure can combine the best of these two independent structures. Definition functional structure within the organization for employees of specific job . Definition divisional structure is classify into three areas: product, market, and geographic. Definition entrepreneurial structure is restructuring and entrepreneurial activities, management and the appropriate procedures to obtain the necessary flexibility, speed, creativity and dynamic role in a specific profit opportunities . Functional organization is built around job function. This type of business structure for small to medium sized enterprises do not have the product or   production requirements of a wide range of uses. Matrix   structure is organized, as its name indicates, by area or region. Each area is full of its own entity, with the goal line in the enterprises overall goals. Usually have a regional manager of the operations, who reports to the headquarters, but otherwise full responsibility for the regional units. Chart above shows the geographical structure of a North American example. The same can be applied in the international arena, in the mainland or subcontinents the division. Car manufacturers and multinational fast food chains tend to follow the corporate organizational structure. In some cases, the product will remain unchanged, all regions, while in other cases, a product may be slightly modified or new products to meet local needs. Divisional structure lend well to organizations such as department stores and supermarkets. When these organizations operate in multiple areas, geographic and product mix between the organizational structure is appropriate. Entrepreneurial   structure is often a medium-sized and large organizations, have sufficient resources to the proper use of the structure. My company is a medium size. My company use structure is functional structure   , because it has a very clear chart department for medium-sized companies. My organization have three event only , so you can easily control the use of the functional structure. Here is my companys structure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Functional structure I choose this structure reason is skills development, coherent chain, quick decision-making, qualified supervision, professional results . Advantages of functional structure Skills development is a function of the organizational structure of the benefit is that its a positive atmosphere to provide for skills development. As a function of the structure group of people requires skills performing similar tasks, or a more experienced team members as a good example and mentor less experienced individuals. This resulted in sustained growth, from simple daily communication organization development, and special seminars or workshops without dependence, improve the quality of a department to carry out. Coherent chain of command is the functional structure of an organization to establish a very specific chain of command. For example, a photo and graphic design department may belong to the visual arts department of a large company a market in a department under the Ministrys jurisdiction. A clear chain of command is important because it creates the standard operating procedures, the establishment and strengthening of accountability consequences. In turn, the productivity in a more professional basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quick decision-making functions in the organization structure, you can speed up the decision-making process. Typically, group decision making can be slow, because the different perspectives involved projects. Although people still have different functional structure of the angle, similar to the professional and educational background to provide more in common than not, in theory, decision-making process has become easier to navigate. In addition, the level of benefit more streamlined decision-making authority, which requires far less than most of the time consideration. Qualified supervision is the functional structure for the participants with a very specific career ladder. Therefore, the individual to achieve a supervisory role more likely to have had the task, they are assessing the experience of their staff. This allows them to better understand and credibility, they make evaluations and allow them to provide more constructive feedback, because they have a personal assessment of the implementation of the work to be first-hand knowledge. Professional results is because everyone is in the functional structure of work in an area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹expertise with peers similar , their contribution to the overall objectives of the company or organization will be more professional. Different members of the team greatly in different capacities as a graphic designer, worked in the functional structure of group members in similar areas of expertise, and can push each other to a higher realm of copy. As the saying goes, steel mill steel, colleagues in the function and structure can enhance each others skills. Disadvantages of functional structure , the functions are independent, in any area beyond its own capabilities to understand or care staff rarely caused. This does not make a whole company and its future prospects. This separation caused by communication and full cooperation and coordination of some of the obstacles, individual focus not a companys business focus, there is no way the structure of things as a company, every process in different functional areas and professional of the function is not allowed in the field of management of the Company or other specific areas of broad prospects. 1.3 Conclusion The reason of choosing this function is structure skills development. It is a function of the organizational structure of the benefit is that its a positive atmosphere to provide for skills development. Quick decision-making functions in the organization structure, you can speed up the decision-making process. In my recommendation on countering the weakness is add more activities or party and annual dinner for all department and all employee held this activities can improve the relationship among employees

The Cause and Effect of the Tsunami in Thailand in 2004 Essay -- Natur

The Cause and Effect of the Tsunami in Thailand in 2004 The tsunami in Thailand that occurred on December 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami catastrophe in human history. It was triggered by a magnitude 9.1-9.3 earthquake along the Indian-Australian subduction zone off the northern coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves traveled primarily in the east to west direction and caused major damage along the coasts of southern Thailand. Unpredictably, it was a violent earthquake beneath the sea that initiated the massive waves and struck more than a dozen countries in Southern Asia. It also destroyed thousands of miles of coastline and even submerged entire islands permanently. Throughout the region, the tsunami killed more than 150,000 people, and a million more were hurt, homeless, and without food or drinkable water, making it perhaps the most destructive tsunami in the modern history. In spite of peninsular Thailand's location facing the northern part of this subduction zone, the lack of any written historical records, together with the l ack of any major local seismic activity, the tsunami caused thousands of fatalities and huge economic losses in the popular tourist regions in Thailand. Immediately after the disaster, numerous organizations and individual citizens have helped out and contributed to this devastating tsunami. Indeed, the tsunami in Thailand was a worldwide event, with significant wave action felt around the world. In this context, I am focusing more on the key features of the tsunami’s natural causes, the psychological effects on citizens, the perspective of socio-economic impacts and the consequences of the tsunami calamity. What triggered this horrific natural disaster that took place off the western coast of... ... the catastrophic event into an opportunity for the future. Even though the tsunami of December 2004 ended in a huge death toll, ongoing trauma and homelessness of millions of Asians, still they can recuperate from this entire horrific event. If any good at all is to come from this adversity on a human scale, it will certainly be considered by the compassion and generosity that the world reveals to the survivors. I must admit that I find very difficult to let it sink in my brain the fact that it can happen to all of us anywhere and any time around the globe. It might not be a tsunami that these citizens have experienced, but there are other natural disasters we can stumble upon as well. Surely, it has been a great experience for me to write this paper and to discover the truth about the tsunami and the total effects of what these people have to deal with.

edgar allan poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allan Poe was a nineteenth century author best known for his poetry and stories of terror, grief, revenge, and death. He based his stories on the influences of his childhood through much struggling. He finally achieved success at the end of his life. Edgar Allan Poe's parents were actors. His mother, Elizabeth Arnold, was the main attraction of the acting company. His father, David Poe, Jr., was a handsome but reckless man with a never ending compulsion to drink. When Edgar was still a baby, David Poe mysteriously deserted his family. His mother died shortly afterwards. Edgar Poe and his baby sister were then separated. Edgar was sent to live with Frances and John Allan by whom he felt neglected. He was in need of a maternal figure in his life. When the Allans' moved from to Virginia Edgar became infatuated with Mrs. Jane Standard, the mother of one of his classmates. He came to her when he felt unhappy at home.. He knew her for a year when she died at the age of 31, probably insane. Edgar suffered from her death and his behavior changed. He was just beginning to realize the power of his imagination and for a time he let his grief consume him (Magill's survey). Painful as this loss was , it eventually led to the creation of one of Poe's best-loved poems, " To Helen". In 1825 John Allan inherited a fortune from a wealthy uncle. Edgar was privately tutored to enter the University of Virginia. Edgar was accepted and went off to the University Of Virginia. He thrived in the unrestrictive university atmosphere. But John Allan would not give him enough money for his education. Poe turned to gambling and drinking (Gmoser). After the first term his college career was over. He was over two thousand in debt. John Allen refused to pay these debts or allow him to go back to school. In March of 1827 Poe went to Boston where he published his first book, using a false name. Tamerlane and Other Poems were published but only forty copies were printed. With little money and few friends Poe enlisted in the U.S. Army. .Poe did not like the army so he managed to get transferred to West Point. He did not do his work there so he was kicked out .He ended up going to live with relatives. Despite Poe's talent he was unable to achieve success in ... ... Annie and Ulalume. These poems also death with the theme of death. In Annabel Lee the narrator tells how he loved the maiden and how she loved him only. Then she died just like Virginia did. Poe was probably wishing he had died instead of the ones he loved. In Eldorado, Poe is telling how you should seek heaven when you are dead. Ulslume is a poem about the narrator going back to the tomb where he buried Ulalume a year ago. The narrator wants to know if the soul of the dead has left for the heaven. In these last poem's of Poe I feel that he wants to die and be with his loved ones. after Virginia died Poe had nothing to live for. After reading Poe's works you can see how his life had a great influence on his writings. If he had not suffered so much grief the brilliance of his dark imagination probably would have never come through. Works Cited 1)Lowen, Nancy. "Poe" 2)whasington square press. "Great Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe" 3)Magill's Survey of American Literature. dar Allan Poe 4)Edgar Allan Poe/The work of Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849. http://bau2.uibk.ac.at/sg/poe/Bio.html 5)Grolier Encyclopedia.

Science Technology Company Essay -- Science Technology Company Busines

Science Technology Company Bill Watson of Science Technology Company (STC) should not discuss the current 5-year financing plan prepared by Harry Finson, the chief financial officer, at the forthcoming board meeting. The industry that STC is in has short product life cycle, rapid technology obsolescence and fast growth with increasing competition. In fact, STC’s strategy to survive the competition is to maintain leadership in ATE segment and to further compete in the large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits segment by chasing market share and spreading high R&D cost over large sales. However, the large sales growth seems to be more difficult to obtain with the newly added competition. Based on historical trend, level of competition, and other related industry figures; It is suggested that a more reasonable 12.8% annual growth projection be used. STC is losing cash flow in both its operating and investing activities; therefore projections of 30% sales growth are overly optimistic and unreliable. When STC began they only competed against a handful of companies, and although they currently hold the dominant share of the market, this increase in competition could upset future revenue. Increasing competition in the ATE segment will inevitably induce price wars, which will further deplete the profit margin of the company. If price wars were to take place, Teradyne seems to be the reasonable winner. In fact, over the last 5 years, Teradyne has amassed a tota...

Frankenstein Research Paper

Anastasia Shevchenko Professor Patricia Barker English 1302 15 November 2013 Frankenstein In Marry Shelleys Frankenstein, Victor and the monster share similar nature. Throughout the story, Victor Frankenstein and his creation share hatred towards one another. The two characters have the same objective that they are trying to achieve. They each not only value their learning through reading, but appreciate the natural world to help them cope, and have a craving for revenge when they feel it is necessary. While reading the story, the reader can see similarities betweenFrankenstein and the monster's eagerness for knowledge, gratefulness for nature, and devotion for revenge. As a young boy Frankenstein enjoyed learning new things. Victor's determined character was what begins his disintegration. In Victor's younger days, he enjoyed reading the books of Cornelius Agrippa. After reading these books, Victor had a different view of the world. Victor's parents thought that he should attend the University of Ingolstadt to expand his cultural knowledge, although Victor at the time was attending the schools of Geneva. When I had attained the age of seventeen, my arents resolved that I should become a student at the University of Ingolstadt. I had hitherto attended the schools of Geneva; but my father thought it necessary, for the completion of my education, that I should be made acquainted with other customs than those of my native country' (Shelley 25). This inspired the young Victor to attend the University of Ingolstadt to study science. â€Å"His mother's death causes him to delay his departure by many months, but once at the university, Victor spends two years studying chemistry under the direction of M. Waldman and M. Krempe† (Guyer).In addition, the monster himself enjoyed to learn new things. From the very first day of being created, the monster had a desire to understand the way the world worked. Just as Victor had once done, the monster came upon three book s. The Sorrows of Werter, a volume of Plutarch's Lives, and Paradise Lost were the three books that helped the monster open up his mind to the knowledge that these books had to offer him. â€Å"l learned from Werter's imaginations despondency and gloom: but Plutarch taught me high thoughts; he elevated me above the wretched sphere of my own reflections, to admire and love the heroes of past ages†¦But Paradise Lost excited ifferent and far deeper emotions† (89-90). These books shaped how the monster viewed the world around him. The monster did not only learn through reading but from the cottagers as well. â€Å"It impressed me deeply. I learned, from the views of social life which it developed, to admire their virtues, and to deprecate the vices of mankind† (88). Victor and his creation both had the passion for learning; this is what would eventually lead to their destruction. Similar to Victor, the monster appreciated nature.They both enjoyed the views of nature; it had the effect to be able to calm them down in the awful situations. After he murder ot Victor's son, William, Victor still tound peacetulness upon looking at the mountains. â€Å"Dear mountains! My own beautiful lake! how do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are clear; the sky and lake are blue and placid. Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness? † (55). â€Å"The call–a version of the lyric gesture of addressing the earth with the assumption that it can respond– establishes a relation of nativity and origination: Victor is the mountains' as they are his.He identifies the calm landscape as a response, but an enigmatic response that he is unable to interpret† (Guyer). Also, after gazing out the window for hours Victor â€Å"felt the silence, although I was hardly conscious of its extreme profundity' (120). â€Å"The sublime mountainscape gives Victor a feeling of potential freedom and of mastery; however, in order to live t hat freedom he will have to free himself from the dead who haunt him, a freedom that may be possible only in death. Victor calls upon the dead and presents them with an alternative–give me happiness or death† (Guyer).Victor's creation always lived alone, and in that state of loneliness he found comfort in the natural environment he resided in. Soon after the creature was created he had a ifficult time remembering the original era of his being. All of a sudden â€Å"a strange multiplicity of sensations seized me, and I saw, felt, heard, and smelt, at the same time†¦ † (70). At first, the monster was surprised when spring came and he saw nature begin to bloom. His senses heightened and became revived. â€Å"It surprised me, that what before was desert and gloomy should now bloom with the most beautiful flowers and verdure.My senses were gratified and refreshed by a thousand scents of delight, and a thousand sights of beauty' (80). Victor and the creature shar ed a love for nature and the way it could soothe them. While loneliness filled their hearts and souls, Victor and the monster both turned to nature for refuge. As the reader gets deeper in to the story, one begins to notice that both Victor and his creation were filled with a voracious reprisal. After the monster found victor in his room he was filled with anger miou have destroyed the work which you began; what is it that you intend? † (120).In addition, the monster asked â€Å"endured incalculable fatigue, and cold, and hunger; do you dare destroy my hopes? † (120). Subsequent to the monster braking in to Victor's room and escaping in his own boat, Victor was filled with rage. The night passed away, and the sun rose from the ocean; my feelings became calmer, if it may be called calmness, when the violence of rage sinks into the depths of despair† (121). One main event that started the quench for the undying hatred and sorrow was the death of Victor's son, Willia m. The monster decided to give the humans one last chance.When he stumbled upon a child, â€Å"suddenly, as I gazed on him, an idea seized me, that this little creature was unprejudiced, and had lived too short of a time to have imbibed a horror of deformity' (100). Soon after his encounter with the child, the monster realized that the young boy was Just like veryone else he has met. â€Å"Hideous monster! Let me go; my papa is a Syndic-he is M. Frankenstein-he would punish you. You dare not keep me† (100). The creature also learned that the child he gave one last chance to was the son of Victor Frankenstein. â€Å"Frankenstein! ou belong then to my enemy-to him towards whom I have sworn eternal revenge; you shall be my first victim† (100). Soon after the creature strangled the child, he saw something on his chest, it was a picture of a beautiful woman â€Å"For a few moments I gazed with delight on her dark eyes, fringed by deep lashes, and her lovely lips; but pres ently my rage returned:† (100). This is when the monsters downfall began. â€Å"It is thus that, too often in society, those who are best qualified to be its benefactors and its ornaments, are branded by some accident with scorn, and changed, by neglect and solitude of heart, into a scourge and a curse† (Shelley).The creation wanted revenge on Victor because he felt neglected and abandoned. â€Å"Frankenstein's moral failure is his heedless pursuit to know all that he might about life without taking any responsibility for his acts. His â€Å"sin† is not solely in creating the monster, but in abandoning him to orphanhood at his birth† (Griffith). As a result, the ctions of the two characters in the course of the novel become very apparent to the reader that both Victor and his creation live for revenge.After reading the literature the reader can effortlessly identify the similar characteristics between Victor Frankenstein and his creation. They both had the desire to expand their knowledge and learn new things. Each one of them read different books that changed the way they viewed the world. They were each mesmerized by the world's natural beauty and what it could bring them. Victor and his creation both turned to nature that helped them during the most gloomy time. Even though they were able to see the beauty in the world, each one of them had a dark side.Victor abandoned his creation right after he was created. The monster himself later killed a lot of people do to neglect. They both sought revenge. Victor wanted to kill the monster for destroying his family, the monster after being neglected by his creator and all the people he had met, decided he wasn't going to give the human raise another chance after being rejected by the little boy who he thought was unprejudiced. With as many differences that Victor and the monster have, knowledge, nature, and revenge will always be common factors that they hare.

History of furniture Essay

The meaning of domesticity in The Middle Ages took on a variety of interpretations. It typically encompasses anything from the family unit, their dwelling house and their friends and neighbors to rulers and their castles. The home, as the axis of domesticity could be viewed as a structure together with its contents and lay out. Naturally the growth and development of furniture runs parallel to the growth and development of domesticity throughout The Middle Ages. Nomadic culture was prevalent during The Middle Ages and domestic furniture was constructed to reflect the demands of transient lifestyles. Wealthy landowners together with nobility rarely remained in one place for an extended period as they often traveled between their domains. Heavy, bulky furniture was entirely undesirable in the circumstances. Therefore the furniture was designed for mobility and easy disassembly. The chest was perhaps the most common item of household furniture and reflected the nomadic culture of The Middle Ages more effectively than any other item of furniture. The chest proved to be a diverse item of domestic furniture. It was ideal for storing and transferring goods from one destination to another. Upon arrival at a destination the chest could be used as a table or a mantle. The Middle Ages which stretched over a period of about one thousand years commencing with the fall of Rome in 476 A. D and ending with the conquest of the Turk’s Constantinople in 1453 B. C. ‘It was the age of monasteries and convents, of religious persecutions and of heroic struggles of the Christian Church. ’ (Litchfield. 2004) The period was also marked by a progression of feudalism and war as well as chivalry. However, ‘towards the close, a time of comparative civilization and progress, of darkness giving way to the light which followed; the night of the Middle Ages preceding the dawn of the Renaissance. ’ (Litchfield. 2004) Constantinople, the capital city of the Eastern Empire began to grow in popularity and as a result the migration to the capital city, of families of respectable means grew. When they left their homes for Constantinople they carried with them all of their valuable possessions. The wealth homeowners gravitated toward more ornamental household furnishings and fittings. This represented a departure from the early Classic Greek to a more Byzantine style. (Rowling. 1973 p 17) The dictates of a prevalent Christianity significantly influenced the role of women in The Middle Ages. Ladies were permitted ‘to be seen in chariots and open carriages, the designs of which, therefore, improved and became more varied. ’(Litchfield. 2004) And there was a cessation of the old tradition of ‘reclining at meals’ (Litchfield 2004) was replaced by having guests occupying benches. Until the turn of the fourteenth century the ordinary dwelling house was simplistic in its furnishing, reflecting a slow growth in domesticity with the emergence of the well off merchant mentality. In France, for instance, the main room in a given home contained a ‘bedstead and a prie dieu chair, a table with plain slab supported on shaped standards. ’(Litchfield 2004) The rest of the furniture featured in the main room would typically be comprised of the signature Middle Age’s chest which would have been carved from oak or chestnut with a series of benches or stools. A basic table resembling a supported and elevated slab of wood also formed a typical part of the furniture arrangement in an ordinary dwelling house of The Middle Ages. It was around thirty inches in diameter permitting guests to sit on one side while the other side was reserved for the issuing of the meal. While there would be no family discussions across the table, family members and guests would be in a position to rub elbows, so to speak. This is indicative of socialization and explains the origins of the social term ‘rubbing elbows’. The period spanning the 11th -13th centuries was the hallmark of civilization in The Middle Ages. Religious reform fortified the pope’s position in the church and Medieval society but conflict between the pope and the emperor was unavoidable. Towns and farms witnessed a population explosion with the resulting merchant or middle classes. An unmistakable growth and development in culture and economics prevailed. By the thirteenth century Gothic architecture reflecting the religious culture and a shift toward education and the university had reached its peak. The Medieval peasant however was slow in domesticity although he formed a large part of the noble lord’s domestic make-up. The peasant population, primarily made up of farmers comprised about nine-tenths of the Medieval population and were serfs and villeins. ( Nurmiainen 1998) A typical peasant village was comprised of anywhere from ten to sixty families. (Morrison. 1970 p. 57) Their accommodations were dreary and rather dank in appearance, to say the very least. Their dwelling houses were usually consisted of a ‘dark, dank hut made of wood or wicker daubed with mud and thatched with straw or rushes. ’(Litchfield 2004) Sharing their homes with livestock such as pigs and chicken, the straw/reed layered floors were often defiled by livestock droppings. Dried leaves and straw represented a typical bed and animal skins were utilized as blankets. The stove was merely a fire made of wood and sometimes peat which burned continuously on a dirt patch which was cleared out on the floor of a hut. The stagnant domesticity among the peasants reflected resonantly in the typical furnishing of the village huts. It was a simple ‘plank table on trestles, a few stools, perhaps a chest, and probably a loom for the women to make their own cloth. ’ (Litchfeild 2004) If peasants did anything for the growth of domesticity throughout The Middle Ages, they did it for the nobility. They existed for the sole purpose of supporting their lord and master who in turn illustrated a steady growth toward domesticity as evidenced by the unwavering commitment of the peasant. ‘They gave about half their time to work in his fields, cut timber, haul water, spin and weave, repair his buildings, and wait upon his household. In war, the men had to fight at his side. ’ (Litchfield 2004) The idea and values of domesticity are saliently present in the development and retention of the domestic servant. In this vein, the peasantry can be viewed as a founder of the latter day domestic servant. Arguably, the dictates of the master/servant mentality takes its roots back to the feudalism system that reached its peak in The Middle Ages. (Keen. 2006) Demonstrative of domesticity was the ever present table. It was a shrine to refuge and an escape from the abrasive outside world. The table represented a coming together of family and friends at the end of a day primarily dedicated to bringing meals home. The Anglo-Saxons were no exception. Often a hall which was usually dimensionally off balance because its height was disproportionate to its width and length was occupied by a long table made of oak. The table was ‘formed of planks rough hewn from the forest, and which had scarcely received any polish—stood ready prepared for the evening meal. ’(Litchfield 2004) A typical Anglo-Saxon apartment had walls adorned with war relics, a representation of triumph and defeat as well as a desire to be reminded of those events within the snug confines of a domestic setting. The Anglo-Saxon decorum was simple with a floor made up of a earth and lime concoction not unlike today’s barn floorings. It might even be viewed by modern standards as harsh and crude. Be that as it may, it was the Anglo-Saxon taste and they obviously saw it differently. The Anglo-Saxon dwelling house contained a floor which had a raised step about a quarter of the length of the apartment. This dais was reserved for important visitors and family members and represented the hub of domestic activity. Typical of Medieval domestic leaning, ‘a table richly covered with scarlet cloth was placed transversely across the platform, from the middle of which ran the longer and lower board, at which the domestics and inferior persons fed, down towards the bottom of the hall. (Litchfield 2004) The entire setting of the Anglo-Saxon apartment was reflective of an escape from the outside world. It represented a warm and dry refuge and the T shaped table reflected domestic harmony and socialization in the home. The dais functioned to harvest a coming together, a calming of the minds and an escape from toil. Huge chairs occupied the dais and a cloth canopy hung over the collection of chairs and tables as a means of protection from leaks as rain often escaped the poorly built roof tops. (See figure 2) The dais was domesticity personified. At the upper level of the hall, the walls were shrouded by curtains and the floor was covered by carpet of some embroidery or tapestry, although the color was rather harsh on the eyes. This color choice by no means operated to keep occupants out of the home. It was merely a matter of the fashion of the times. Its primary function was to make the home a fashionable and comfortable place as more and more time was spent at home with the emphasis on the family unit and fostering close relations with ones friends, relatives and neighbors. See figure 3) The table is deserving of further comment in that it speaks to the importance of feudalism and its infiltration of domesticity. Litchfield observed that ‘over the lower range of table the roof had no covering, the rough plastered walls were left bare, the rude earthen floor was uncarpeted, the board was uncovered by a cloth, and rude massive benches supplied the place of chairs’ (Litchfield 2004) More telling however was the tw o chairs that occupied the upper table’s center. These two chairs were elevated more so than the other chairs and was reserved for the male female heads of the household. ‘To each of these was added a footstool curiously carved and inlaid with ivory, which mark of distinction was peculiar to them. ’ (Litchfield 2004) The Norman civilization began to infiltrate Medieval times and the citizens found themselves warring with neighboring communities. This, together with the move toward trade and migrant farming obviated the need to change residence from time to time. As noted previously this nomadic lifestyle encouraged light furnishings and the ability to travel lightly if one wanted to secure valuable possessions. The Anglo-Saxons were adamant in their perception of the necessity for a bed. The bed was reserved for royalty and ladies of nobility. However, as the Medieval period settled into a more stable state the gradual growth into domesticity became more grounded. Ladies began to dress more formally, and the upper classes became more polished. New and more pronounced domestic furnishings sprung up in the Medieval home. For instance, upper floors were added and stairs would follow this alteration. Domestic socialization reached its peak with the introduction of ‘the parloir’ or ‘talking room’. (Gella 2002 pps 5-10) Completing this domestic setting fire places made of brick or stone were inserted refining the overall decorum where previously a gaping hole was utilized for escaping smoke. Even the sleeping quarters took on a new look, one of domestic harmony and comfort. ‘Bedsteads were carved and draped with rich hangings. Armoires made of oak and enriched with carving, and Presses date from about the end of the eleventh century. ’(Litchfield 2004) Medieval France was no different from Anglo-Saxon decor. The domestic chamber was similar to that of the Anglo-Saxons and typical European knight and lady ‘bedroom’ settings. (Kauper 1996 p 146) ‘The prie dieu chair was generally at the bedside, and had a seat which lifted up, the lower part forming a box-like receptacle for devotional books then so regularly used by a lady of the time. (Litchfield 2004) As the fourteenth century came to a close Medieval France and much of Europe witnessed a propensity toward loud colors. A typical room in a castle or palace was adorned with ‘cloth of gold, bordered with vermilion velvet embroidered with roses. ’(Litchfield 2004) A Duke’s room would contain trimmings of gold material of embroidered windmills whereas a Duchess’s room would contain similar trimmings of an em broidered crossbow. Carpets were generally glossy and cushions of gold or some other rich coloring were typically placed on the floor during summer months. The time spent at home was evidenced by the detail and attention given to arm chairs of the time. Litchfield describes a typical chair for a princess as . ‘a chamber chair with four supports, painted in fine vermilion, the seat and arms of which are covered in vermilion morocco, or cordovan, worked and stamped with designs representing the sun, birds, and other devices bordered with fringes of silk and studded with nails. (Litchfield 2004) As commerce developed through the Empires of The Middle Ages there was a development of the middle classes. The domestic values of the middle classes are also manifested by the furnishings and fittings of a typical home of a dealer. The retail dealer’s wife dressed in silk and was provided pillows adorned with buttons made of Oriental pearls for resting her arms and head. (Boissonnade 2002 pp 3-8) The chair which represents comfort and stability is prominent throughout Medieval Europe also had a place in the German community. (See figure 1) Litchfield pays homage to a typical chair of German construction of the times. ‘The famous choir stalls in the Cathedral of Ulm, which are considered the finest work of the Swabian school of German wood carving. The magnificent panels of foliage on the front, the Gothic triple canopy are adorned with the busts of Isaiah, David, and Daniel. ’(Litchfield 2004)

Censorship and New York Times

Ans1) Susan Jacoby was a journalist since the age of seventeen and she is well known for her feminist writings. Susan Jacoby was referred as a â€Å"First Amendment junkie† by some other women for her personal views concerning the censorship of pornography in society. She gestated that censorship of any kind against pornography was wrong. Susan Jacoby did not necessarily agree with pornography, but still she felt that its rights guaranteed under the First Amendment should not be excluded. She is not advocating for off seen material but she is worried even important and vital issue for women may be censored. It takes away the choice of the individual, when government steps in and censors something. This is what she believed as there is no such thing as an overdose of the First amendment. Ans2) Though writer talks about some feminists who try to censor pornography that appeals to some heterosexual adult male but, in last two paragraphs she discuss about the television and children. Yes, in my opinion second last paragraph about television and children are connected with Jacoby’s overall argument. This is because, she relates the feminist porn opponents. She also believes that pornography is more harmful to women then other forms of hate or offensive speech. She disqualifies the â€Å"kiddy porn† argument as kiddy porn being an issue of child abuse, not an issue of free speech. She argues that women’s reactions to the same nude pictures are as varied as the women themselves. A main argument made was that censoring of porn could lead to the censoring of other women’s issues. She is even worried that if these kinds of issues are ignored or considered as a part of first amendment, the serious issues of women, such as; rape and other vital issues of women could be censored. So, in my opinion, her argument is correct as all her arguments are related and a serious issue. Ans3) In final paragraph she has specified that she is amendment junkie, because she has written in second paragraph of her article that she was called first amendment junkie by her friends and even by some booklovers. At the mean time, some other women tagged Susan Jacoby as a First Amendment junkie for her personal views regarding the censorship of pornography in organization. Hence, her views and ideas along with some examples of involvements in her life, she admits that she is the first amendment junkie. Ans4) Susan Jacoby, the writer of the article first appeared in the New York Times magazine, doesn’t believe that First Amendment is applicable in all terms and conditions. Well, the First Amendment includes the right to freedom of press, assembly, speech, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances and implied rights of beliefs and association. She is against mainly the kid porn and pornography, she clarify that these stuffs shouldn’t be published or censored. Therefore, some of the feminists and readers believe that she is the First Amendment Junkie and as well as she is often exaggerating. Ans5) The First Amendment, best known for liberties and securities, bans the establishment of a state-supported church, requires the split of church and state, and guarantees freedom of adoration, of speech and the press, the rights of amiable assembly, association and petition. But this amendment does not permit racket pointless on the road or spreading false news about others in the society or even hurting and offending the member of the society and disturbing them without any reason. Hence, this amendment as inferred by Supreme Court today does not authorize unnecessary claims but only supports in related and necessary claims. Ans6 ) Jacoby in the ninth paragraph of her essay implies that, permitting prosecution of persons on obscenity charges will lead eventually to censorship of â€Å"open discussion† of important issues such as â€Å"rape, abortion, menstruation, contraception, etc†. Yes, her fears are convincing in my view. Censoring pornography is a real threat to women. This issue can slowly reach to the height where it can destroy many things. She relates her fear with some of her experiences as evidence. She says, when she was a kid, her parents would turn off the television if some adult scenes were being censored but now she shares the incident of a movie theater, where she saw a women taking her daughter to watch such movie. Therefore, she is worried about these issues and thinks these issues would be under-estimated some day. This can really be a serious problem and can be offensive along with harmful act for women’s.