Large Scale Manufacturing in Pakistan

Compiled by: Mirza Rohail B http://economicpakistan. wordpress. com/2008/01/27/large-scale-manufacturing/ The manufacturing sector grew at an average rate of 8 percent from the sixties to the eighties, but fell to 3. 9 percent during the nineties. This was mainly caused by reduction in investment levels due to lack of continuity and consistency in policies. Political instability law and order position in the major industrial centers, transport bottlenecks, as well as unreliability and inadequate availability of power supply at affordable rates were additional factors pulling down the sector. The sector has shown impressive recovery recently and has grown at a compound rate of 10. 9 percent per annum during 2001 – 05, with Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) growing even faster, becoming 19. 9% in 2005. The contribution of Large-Scale Manufacturing at basic prices stand at Rs 844 billion as compared with Rs 264 billion in 2000-01, figures from the Census of Large-Scale Manufacturing Industries (CMI) 2005-06 show. LSM contribution to GDP also called as Gross Value Added (GVA) at producers’ prices has been estimated at Rs 912 billion as compared with the previous Census 2000-01 amount of Rs 280 billion. Political and macroeconomic stability, rationalization of tariffs, increase in investments, improved utilization of productive capacity, and growth in demand for manufactured products, resulting from higher exports and consumer financing have been the major factors leading to this growth. Large Scale Manufacturing 1999 and 2000 – 1. 5% 2000 and 2001 – 11% 2001 and 2002 – 3. 5% 2002 and 2003 – 7. 2% 2003 and 2004 – 18. 1% 2004 and 2005 – 19. 9% 2005 and 2006 – 8. 7% 2006 and 2007 – 8. 6% 2007 and 2008 – 5% Census of Large-Scale Manufacturing Industries The contribution of Large-Scale Manufacturing at basic prices stand at Rs 844 billion as compared with Rs 264 billion in 2000-01, figures from the Census of Large-Scale Manufacturing Industries (CMI) 2005-06 show. The CMI is conducted after every five years using the frame of Provincial Labour Departments . It is conducted by Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) in collaboration with Provincial Directorates of Industries and Bureaus of Statistics (BoS) under the Industrial Statistics Act 1942. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable, and plus any subsidy receivable. Census of manufacturing industries 2005-06 shows value of production at Rs 2929 billion depicting an increase of 165 percent over Rs 1104 billion in CMI 2000-01. LSM contribution to GDP also called as Gross Value Added (GVA) at producers’ prices has been estimated at Rs 912 billion as compared with the previous Census 2000-01 amount of Rs 280 billion. Capital stock or value of fixed assets amounted to Rs 1147 billion at the end of fiscal year 2005-06 as compared with Rs 428 billion at the end of fiscal year 2000-01. CMI 2005-06 frame was enhanced using industrial directories provided by provincial directorates of industries as well as results of Economic Census 2001 conducted by FBS. The total number of industries surveyed in CMI 2005-06 was 13,146 establishments. Out of these 6417 establishments supplied requisite data (compared to 4528 units in CMI 2000-01). 2364 establishments were found closed and 3213 establishments gave no response. The results of CMI would be cornerstone for the forthcoming revision of Pakistan’s National Accounts. Pakistan Manufacturing Industry Pakistan’s manufacturing industry is heavily dominated by food, textiles and apparel, and leather industries to the JF-17 Thunder extent of over 50 percent. The share of textiles and its derivatives in exports was as large as 67 percent in 2003-04. Other major segments in manufacturing include chemicals and pharmaceuticals (15. 2 percent), basic metal industry (7. 7 percent), nonmetallic mineral products (5. 1 percent), machinery (4. 6 percent), cement (4. percent), automobiles (4. 4 percent). Automobiles, electronics, cement, fertilizers and textiles have all showed cumulative double digit growth during the last three years. An important feature of the engineering sector is the level of competence reflected in local design and local content, (with deletion levels of 80 – 100 percent in electrical goods, 56-89 percent in automobile s and motor cycles, and 75-100 percent in domestic appliances). Manufacturing Statistics Progressive Year Initial data for Jul-Sep FY08 suggested a deceleration in the growth of LSM production to only 6. percent. Further, Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) growth has declined to 5. 57 per cent during the first five months (July-November) of the current financial year due to economic slow-down and high interest rates and poor law and order situation. Similarly, improved prospects in transportation & storage sub-sectors on the back of relatively better production in major crops, strong contribution by finance and insurance sector and augmented administrative and defence related spending will provide support to adequate level of growth in the services sector. These prospects of the services sector would be neutralized to some extent by negative growth in the LSM, imports contraction, shrinking profits in the telecommunication sector. Leading indicators pertaining to the major sector wholesale and retail trade points towards a reasonable growth in this sub-sector. The targeted growth of 4. 1 percent is already almost half of last year’s actual 8. 2 percent. (c) ECONOMIC PAKISTAN

Team Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Team Values - Essay Example te his own philosophy, collect information from the subordinates, changes the situation and communicate the same with the members within the organization (Zwikael & Smyrk, 2011). Personal values are important for understanding the overall organizational behavior because the way in which person behaves have a radical influence on the overall working environment of the organization. I firmly reckon that trust, respect and ethical practice are the major component of any individual. In addition, strong adherence to these values make an individual responsible person, whether in professional life or in personal life. I firmly believe that there lays significant alignment between my personal values and the organizational value (RÃ ¸nnow-Rasmussen, 2011). Credibility is the process of clarifying the roles of different individuals within an organization. Credibility allows improving the performance of the staff and also assists in building effective relationships with subordinates. To build a strong credibility, a leader should be honest, detractor, competence, action oriented, focused, loyal, and trustful and most importantly, he should respect the principles and values of other (Ulrich et al., 2013). The overall organizational values along with the effective leadership are vital for attaining the ultimate credibility in the organization. My organizational leadership model is based on the two underlying approaches. Firstly, my organization continually clarifies what is important to it and secondly, it focuses on creating a learning environment wherein every individual is provided with an opportunity to present their views and ideas freely. Moreover, it can be recommended that the leader within the organization should motivate subordinates to express their thoughts and ideas to promote innovation as well as the leader should be honest and unbiased towards his

Equity and trusts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Equity and trusts - Case Study Example In the scenario, Tom was appointed by Vito as "trustee" over a "general legacy" worth 100,000. As defined, a trustee is someone who has nominal title over a property that he/she holds for the benefit of one or more beneficiaries. He/she must show a high standard of care towards her/his beneficiaries and must never permit his/her own interests to conflict with those of the beneficiaries; this person must not profit from whatever that was entrusted to him/her (Martin, 2002). Based on the definition of the word, Tom can't keep the money for himself. It must be noted that there was no overt manifestation (verbal acceptance or rejection) from Tom at the time Vito conveyed his intentions which might be construed as non-acceptance of the responsibility, however, the law only requires the presence of three "certainties" for a trust to exist - certainty of intention (Vito worries about his mistress and illegitimate son so he's leaving some money for them), certainty of subject matter (100,000) and certainty of objects (mistress Lucy and son Santino). In the scenario, these three were explicitly present, therefore, Tom must shoulder this obligation.(2) Fredo wants to know what he should do with the shares in Transit Ltd, as he finds clause of the will very confusing There is nothing confusing in the provision of the will as far as the shares in Transit Ltd are concerned or who should benefit from the company's income. It was evidently declared that Fredo, aside from being one of Vito's estate executors, was also to act as trustee of Transit Ltd for the benefit of any of the family members within the period of ten (10) years. Likewise, he is to distribute income from the shares among residents of West Midlands whomever he sees is fit to get... There were facts that have been established before Vito’s death. First, there was an expressed declaration that 5,000 shares of Lucrative Plc will go to Connie, Vito’s daughter. Although Vito was no longer able to execute an actual share transfer in favour of Connie, such intention was manifested in a card wherein it was explicitly written that such number of stock shares be given to his daughter. In addition to the written note, was the fact that he occasionally emailed statistics to her in order to keep her informed as to the performance of the shares on the stock market, another manifestation that indeed he was bent on letting his daughter be aware of stock market circumstances in preparation for her coming into possession of a substantial amount of stock shares. Second, Michael has been held as the sole beneficiary of the London penthouse, it was expressedly given to him as a gift during his 16th birthday. Since according to the law, those under 18 could not yet enj oy the fruits or income of whatever trusts that have been left to them, Fredo is there, the brother and executor to see to it that Michael gets the penthouse when he gets to the age of maturity.

What General Ludendorff's notion of a stab-in-the-back refer to Essay

What General Ludendorff's notion of a stab-in-the-back refer to Political implications of this theory for Weimar Republic - Essay Example After Adolf Hitler was appointed as the chancellor the Weimar Republic came to an end and often the end of the Weimar Republic has been associated with Hitler’s rise to power. His rise to power is a very debatable topic however many people propose that the Weimar republic showed signs of decline from the beginning while others suggest that this was due to the poor decision making of the involved individuals particularly during the ending months of 1932-3 or on the great economic depression that was faced in 1929 (Fulbrook, 155). Whatever the reasons were, Hitler’s rise to power has always been a controversial subject that has lead to hot arguments (Fulbrook, 156). By the summers of 1918 it was clear that Germany had lost World War I. During the war massive capitalization was taking place that monopolized industries thereby excluding small businesses to disappear from the business arena. However, at the same time the working class was increasing in power as labor unions were considered as valid and improvements in the working conditions had been done. Due to shortage of labor during the war, women and many young people were also recruited into the labor force. The war time had resulted in many changes in the perceptions of people. Domestic turmoil in Germany grew as he World War I approached its end as the pressure from the people increased. The military was also reluctant to bring a civilian government in order to run away from its responsibility and accepting defeat (Fulbrook, 157). Constitutional reforms were introduced in October 1918 (Fulbrook, 157) and towards the end of the month a last attack was launched on the British to gain its honor back (Fulbrook, 158). Revolutionary unrest took place in November causing the government to resign while the emperor had already fled to Holland. While it seemed that a Marxist revolution would take place in Germany, a communist revolution took place in Russia in 1917 while compromises took place in Germany that was neither left wing nor right wing (Fulbrook, 158). The Weimar Constitution officially materialized in August 1919 according to which the President was to hold enormous powers. When the Treaty of Versailles was signed in the summers of the same year, the harsh terms lead to the restriction of army to only hundred thousand men and resulted in the loss of several German colonies. The concept of â€Å"stab-in-the-back† had started in August 1918 when German loss at World War I was obvious. According to the notion, the military defeat of the German army had been a result of deceit from within the country mainly from Jews and Socialists (Fulbrook, 164). The â€Å"stab-in-the-back† concept was increasingly being used after the war to oppose the Weimar Republic. Also, strikes and attacks on the Republic continued and while the right wings were not severely punished, the left wings were sentenced to death penalty spurring further unrest. It is also important to note that the left wingers opposed the Republic on account of the economic depression (Fulb rook, 164). The end of the Weimar Republic has also been a result of the changing perception of the public particularly after the economic recession seen after the New York stock market plunged in 1929. The declining economic activity in Germany left many of its people unemployed with only 2 people out of 3 being employed. Unemployment rates rose sharply as the country faced financial crisis. An atmosphere of hopelessness and depression took place among the German population and while few people remained committed to the Social Democratic party (SPD) despite the hardships, many turned towards the

A Laboratory Scientist in the Organization Assignment

A Laboratory Scientist in the Organization - Assignment Example In a more general term, laboratory scientists in any institution are the head of an experiment and chemical keeping without which it should impact any danger to other members of the organization. a). According to Blanchard and Thacker (2007, p. 25), an employment contract refers to the signing of a paperwork between two parties (employer and employee) to set the commencement of a given work within the specified rules and regulations that seem acceptable and legal by the law and which do not infringe on anyone’s rights. The contract normally has a limit of time. The employers should be responsible for their health and safety. They should identify hazards in a systematic manner and eliminate or isolating those that are possible. For instance, employers may recognize the necessary steps to minimize the hazards, by providing information, as well as warnings. Also, by identifying whether there are any regulations covering their industry and complying with them. Providing protective equipment clothing or ensuring employee provided protective is suitable and ensuring that they are used effectively. They should also be trained in order to impart in them the necessary skills to manage their own safety. Employers should recognize any accident that might have occurred while been out keen so as to avoid the same in the future. Being keen on any signs of a disease and reporting to the clinic immediately in case of any signs. Responding to inspector’s advice and ensuring that work practices together with working hours are followed in a manner that enhances a safe-working condition. Environmental laws currently carried out in England covers the following key areas: waste management, water pollution, air pollution, noise, hazardous substances, contaminated land and the IPC/IPPC regimes. b). ISO is the International organization for standardization, a worldwide organization with representatives from 157 countries.  

DHSNo-MachRules and Safe Harbor Provisions for Employers Essay

DHSNo-MachRules and Safe Harbor Provisions for Employers - Essay Example SHA) will have the right to file complain to OSHA free of any legal charges as OSHA protects the employers by investigating on the legal complains that has been filed by the employees (U.S. Department of Labor, 2007). Aside from the complying with the OSHA guidelines, employers are also required to follow the rules as set by the Social Security Administration (SSA) (Lian, 2007). Employment law is not limited to issues related to employment discrimination related to race, age, and gender or the minimum wage and work benefits that each employee is entitled to; the law also protects the welfare of the local employees from any forms of accident that occurs within the workplace due to employers’ negligence to provide a safe working environment for employees or in any forms of threat which prohibits the local citizens from being able to have an opportunity for employment. Over the years, the increasing number of immigrant workers is said to be threatening the employment opportunity of the local residents. Since thousands of employers submit a ‘no-match’ employees’ name and the corresponding Social Security numbers as provided on Forms W-2 do not match the records of SSA each year (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 2009), the District Court Judge Charles R. Greyer legally allowed the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to develop a new harbor safety rules that will address the court’s concern regarding the case of AFL-CIO v. Chertoff, Case No. 07-CV-4472 CRB (N.D. Cal.) back on December 2007 (Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, 2007). As part of informing the general public regarding the new harbor safety rules, the DHS and SSA spread ‘a No-Match’ letter to those who are directly concerned with the issue (NAFSA, 2009). Aside from providing a brief summary regarding the AFL-CIO v. Chertoff case, the significance of spreading the â€Å"No-Match" rules and safe harbor provisions for employers will be thoroughly tackled in details. This paper aims to

Princeton Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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